upper mustang trek
At a Glance
  • Duration16 Days
  • DestinationNepal
  • Difficulty Level Moderate
  • Max. Altitude4500M
  • Group Size15 Max
  • Trip StyleTea house
  • StartsKathmandu
  • EndsKathmandu
  • Best TimeMarch to November
Highlights
  • Explore the fortressed culture arena, which is also known as the Lo-Star, the former capital of the Mustang district.
  • Taste the Tibetan flavor with traditional dwellings and lifestyles connected to monasticism and Tibetan Buddhism.
  • Witness the spectacular desert terrain, peculiar cliffs, and deep gorges that will resemble the Tibetan Plateau.
  • Explore one of Nepal's most unconventional and culturally intact regions, safeguarded by restricted permits.
  • Explore monasteries like Thubchen and Jampa Lhakhang, which feature stunning paintings on walls and complicated thangkas.
  • Discover the ancient sky caves of Chhoser, which were carved out of cliffs and estimated to be thousands of years old.
  • Visit picturesque places, including Tsarang, Ghami, and Kagbeni, with their typical construction of stone houses and historic chortens.
  • Cross various critical high-altitude passes, such as Nyi La Pass, and take a breathtaking scanning view of the Annapurnas and Dhaulagiris.
  • Savor the vibrant hues of regional celebrations, like the Tiji Festival, characterized by songs and dances meant to ward off evils.
  • Observe wild animals like the blue sheep and the elusive Himalayan vultures, and get a closer look at the strictly endemic plants of the desert tracts.
  • Engage with communities that are culturally authentic and still practice what can be considered ‘pure’ Tibetan traditions.
  • Admire the wild and isolated scenery that was sculptured by the winds and the sand, which provide a magical feel.

The Upper Mustang Trek provides an excellent chance to discover the gradually unveiled Kingdom of Nepal, sometimes called "the last forbidden kingdom.” Hundreds of kilometers in the northern part of the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri regions feature a desert landscape that strongly contrasts with the rest of the green Nepalese valleys. The trek Mustang route leads adventure seekers to the Upper Mustang Valley, a destination steeped in history, where the Tibetan influence, including their dialect, continues to be strongly evident. Only in 1992 did this area become accessible to trekkers, and the requirement for an additional special permit to trek this region adds to its appeal.

The guests' final part is the offshoot of the once-strongest Kingdom of Lo, a walled city in Lo Manthang. Here, one can wander through narrow streets, see monasteries with lovely paintings on the walls, and taste the local atmosphere. Hiking to the Mustang Valley also presents an opportunity to explore the ancient sky caves of Chhoser, which are perhaps thousands of years old structures created naturally from the cliffs. These structures constitute an archaeological and anthropological heritage that could be used to understand the early history of that part of the world and convey the architectural wisdom of the early societies to present-day generations.

This trek is geographically somewhat similar to the Tibetan Plateau, with its arid terrain, absence of vegetation, vertically chiseled cliffs, and large gorges. While engrossed in the treks, one has wonderful sights, including the magnificent Nilgiri, Annapurna, and Dhaulagiri ranges. The trail goes through cultural villages including Kagbeni, Tsarang, and Ghami, and trekkers can see how people live. The trek is a cultural tour since the participants get a feel for the teeming festivals, dancing activities, and other cultural beliefs of the heavily dominant Tibetan-influenced people.

This is not just a physical journey; the trek to Nepal Mustang is also very much a cultural and spiritual journey. This trail is known for its beautiful natural scenery, the historical and cultural significance of the Upper Mustang Valley, and the fact that it is off the beaten tourist track. Whether it is the picturesque beauty or the history that depicts the past from a thousand years ago, the Upper Mustang Trek is one of the most exciting and wonderful trips in Nepal’s significant regions.

Why the Upper Mustang Trek?

The Upper Mustang Trek is an ideal and rewarding trekking destination, allowing trekkers to experience one of Nepal's most culturally and geographically diverse regions. The Upper Mustang district, located in the northern part of the country and adjacent to the intense and arresting Tibetan landscape, was virtually off-limits to outsiders until 1992. This seclusion has kept the region rich in mathematics and ancient Tibetan Buddhist culture, making it an open museum for anyone interested in exploring the region's history and traditions. For example, Upper Mustang trekking gives a fair chance to see the monasteries that are centuries old, watch colorful festivals, or simply accompany people who remain engaged in the traditional way of living because of the restrictions set by the Nepalese government.

The geography of the Upper Mustang Trek in Nepal may not be as colorful as the local culture. As you traverse this region, gorges, cliffs, and multi-hued rocks accentuate the desert-like vista, set against the snow-capped Himalayas. It boasts a unique geographical feature that bears a striking resemblance to the Tibetan Plateau, enhancing the trekking experience in Nepal. Some of the classic villages, such as Kagbeni and Tsarang, dot the upper portion of the trek, Mustang, providing opportunities for interaction with the friendly locals and an enriching experience of this beautiful geographic area. Also, the tour through such terrains does offer splendid scenes of famed mountains, including Nilgiri, Annapurna, and Dhaulagiri, just to mention a few.

Selecting the Upper Mustang Trek in Nepal also means going on a journey that involves discovery and exploration. The trek is moderate in the actual technical sense of the word, making it popular among hikers of middle and advanced fitness levels. While hiking, you will walk for hours without seeing another soul, and that is why it is a fantastic, unadulterated natural experience. The trek does not only concern a geographic exploration; the people and culture path also involves sighting temples and monasteries, meeting monks and discussing with them, as well as understanding the hidden religious context of the area. This makes the Upper Mustang trek attractive and enhances the experience for anyone looking for a perfect trekking destination in Nepal.

The ideal time for the Upper Mustang trek

The preferred seasons for Upper Mustang trekking are March to June and September to November. Such periods are always ideal for trekking since they are characterized by favorable weather conditions that would enable the trekkers to have a relaxing time in the region without having to also deal with very harsh weather that would affect their health.

Spring (March to June)

One of the best seasons for the Upper Mustang trek is spring. Throughout this season, it is a mild year, with day temperatures ranging from 16 to 22 degrees Celsius. We advise you to exercise caution on higher ground as nighttime temperatures may drop significantly. Flowers bloom in the desert, providing a welcome respite from the harsh landscape. The overall weather can be fairly good, with very little to no cloud cover, offering a panoramic view of the Himalayas and the terrain of the Mustang. Also, the spring season is culturally active because festivals like the Tiji festival are much cherished locally, and visitors get a chance to witness the cultural aspect of the area.

Autumn (September to November)

Autumn is another favorable time to go for the Upper Mustang trek. Generally, during this season, the weather is favorable, characterized by a clear sky and cool dews like in the spring. The trekking tail comprises a post-monsoon period to ensure fewer storms and fewer dusty trails for better trekking. During the day, it is not very hot or cold, which simplifies travel since people can travel longer distances without getting too hot or too cold. It is also one of the best seasons for trekkers because it gives a clear view of the mountains and a lush, colorful view of the Mustang Valley. The cultural immersion is still present; one can still interact with the locals and see how they live their lives, presumably the way they were before the modernization, in Upper Mustang.

Similarly, Best Trekking in Nepal recommends the Upper Mustang trek in spring or autumn, when the chances of encountering unfavorable weather are minimal.

Why travel with us?

Deciding to travel with the Hiking Adventure Team for the Upper Mustang Trek allows you to achieve the best authentic experience in one of Nepal's most beautiful areas without many concerns. Our local guides are knowledgeable when it comes to the fine details of the Mustang Valley and its history, thus giving you a better understanding of the area. We prioritize your safety throughout the trek, providing professional care from acclimatization to emergency plans. Expertly planned daily routes and knowledge of the best places to stay allow travelers to get the most out of the Upper Mustang trek in terms of both experience and comfort.

We handle all the preparations, including securing necessary permissions, scheduling services, and arranging transportation, leaving you free to relish the lively atmosphere and unforgettable scenery. We thus take responsibility for offering ethical and responsible travel and ensure that visiting Mustang Valley also contributes to the much-needed support and development of the community that resides in this region while respecting the cultural and natural ethnicity of this area. When you go trekking with us, you are not just choosing a trek that offers you unique experiences; you are also choosing a trek that benefits the region you are visiting.

HAT Representative will be waiting with your name plate just outside the International Airport in Kathmandu. After your arrival, we will organize your transportation to the designated hotel in Kathmandu. Spend the afternoon browsing the beautiful streets of Thamel or visit the nearby Kathmandu Durbar Square. In the evening, we will meet for welcome dinner and tour briefing.

  • Max. Altitude:1300m
  • Accommodation:3-Star Hotel in Kathmandu
  • Meals:Dinner

After breakfast, we will join guided tour to visit various sites in the valley - most of them listed as UNESCO World Heritage Site. Get off and browse the famous Pashupatinath Temple, Durbar Square, Swayambhunath and Boudhanath. Come back to hotel and prepare for the morning flight, drive and short trek the next day.

  • Accommodation:3-Star Hotel in Kathmandu
  • Meals:Breakfast

                              We are back where we started in the capital city. Pack your bags and make sure you have brought some sovereigns to take back home to friends and family. Enjoy your breakfast in relief. Hiking Adventure staff will arrange your transfer to the Tribhuvan International Airport according to your departure schedule.

                              • Meals:Breakfast

                              Service Details

                              Includes
                              • Airport pickups and drops via a private vehicle
                              •  3-star hotel accommodation in Kathmandu and Pokhara with breakfast
                              •  Best Lodge / Tea-house accommodation during the trek
                              •  All meals (breakfast, lunch and dinner) during the trek
                              •  Welcome and farewell dinners
                              •  All ground transportation on a comfortable private vehicle as per the itinerary
                              •  Domestic flight (Pokhara- Jomsom-Pokhara)
                              •  An experienced, English-speaking and licensed trek leader
                              •  Porter service (2 trekkers: 1 porter)
                              •  Salary, insurance, equipment, food and accommodation of staff
                              •  Duffel bag and sleeping bag (to be returned after trip completion)
                              •  T-shirt and trekking map
                              •  All necessary paperwork and permits (ACAP, TIMS) & Special Permit for Upper Mustang Trek 
                              •  First Aid kit (carried by your trek leader)
                              •  All government taxes
                              Excludes
                              • Nepal Tourist Visa fee
                              •  International airfare to and from Kathmandu
                              •  Excess baggage charges
                              •  Travel and rescue insurance
                              •  Personal expenses (phone calls, laundry, bar bills, battery recharge, extra porters, bottle or boiled water, shower, etc.)
                              •  Single supplement USD 150 per person
                              •  Tips for guide(s), porter(s) and driver(s)
                              Essential Information

                              Food and accommodation during the Upper Mustang Trek

                              As for the meals and services throughout the trek, Upper Mustang is going to be a revelation: you will not taste better food and be treated better along the trail. Most of the restaurants and teahouses serve different types of foods, like Thai, European, Indian, and Nepalese foods. We strongly recommend sampling the Dal Bhat meal, a traditional Nepalese dish of rice and vegetables, along with a lentil-based soup that provides a burst of energy. Trekkers receive meals three times a day. For breakfast, they have a variety of options including Tibetan bread, chapati, French toast, cornflakes, hash browns, special eggs, pancakes, porridge, muesli, vegetables, and hot beverages. During lunch, one can order Thukpa, noodle soup, Tibetan bread chapati, macaroni and cheese, spaghetti bolognese, Sherpa stew, steaks, boiled potatoes, sandwiches with cheese, rice with curry, spring rolls, burgers, pizzas, YAK steaks, and for those with a sweet tooth, desserts are also available. Restaurant owners may serve momos, thukpa, Dal Bhat, chapati, and macaroni, spaghetti, soup, steaks, potato meals, sandwiches, pizza, rice with curry, ramen soup, burgers, and yak steak, as well as desserts and beverages.

                              The lodging on the Upper Mustang Trail is quite good, with 3-star hotels in Kathmandu and Pokhara and guesthouses in Mustang. Twin rooms contain, in essence, two single beds; however, available single supplement options charge an extra fee for this service. While most of the furnished rooms in some teahouses include wash facilities, some of them may have wash amenities shared between several rooms or located at the end of the corridors in regions of high altitude. The quality of teahouses improves slightly until you reach Kagbeni, after which you can find more standard teahouse options with nearby toilets. Most tea shops have Wi-Fi; beautiful dining areas with traditional heaters are also available to keep the trekkers warm during cold moments. The Tiji festival has led to an increase in the number of trekkers, resulting in a surge in the availability of tea houses, lodges, and homestays. However, during their peak seasons, these accommodations tend to fill up quickly. Therefore, it's advisable to plan ahead and arrange your accommodations well in advance.

                              Upper Mustang trek difficulty level

                              Upper Mustang Trekking is often rated as moderate in terms of the level of required physical effort and, therefore, is suitable for people of various levels of experience, including experienced trekkers and people with average physical fitness. It is a walking tour that, in some parts, takes you to high grounds, and the highest point, which is Lo Manthang, the former capital of Mustang, is at an altitude of about 3,800 m (12,467 feet). Although the altitude is not as high as some other treks in Nepal, people still need to acclimate to the heights more carefully to avoid acute mountain sickness (AMS). The daily trekking hours are between 5 and 7 hours per day, so the traveler should be ready for vigorous exercise for several consecutive days. Many of the stages are rough and sandy or take place in the desert; some stages are mountainous, which calls for a combination of strength and stamina.

                              Due to the fact that Nepal's Upper Mustang trek is challenging, it is made more difficult because of the geographical location of the region. While the trails receive less traffic than Nepal's trekking routes, trekking in these areas presents a greater challenge; trekkers typically engage in solo trekking in these locations, requiring complete self-reliance. Teahouses and lodges are available, but they are much simpler than those found in regions like Annapurna or the Everest. Expect minimal or no facilities, and remember to pack basic commodities. Actual physical conditioning, particularly step-by-step or cardiovascular training, and leg strengthening through exercise are also beneficial for the activity. However, because of the breathtaking scenery and varied and exotic interaction with the local culture, many who venture into this part of the world consider the trek to Mustang a more than worthy and memorable adventure.

                              Fitness level requirements for trekking Upper Mustang

                              Trekking the Upper Mustang is moderately difficult, implying that the trekkers must be reasonably fit. The trek is comparatively less challenging than those found at high altitudes in Nepal; however, it does require days of grave walking for 5 to 7 hours a day on inclined terrain and at altitudes of 2380 m (12,467 ft). A trekker, therefore, needs to be agile, cardio-fit, have outstanding endurance, and still have leg power to deal with the everyday distances as well as the steep gradients up and down. It would also be desirable to carry out serious aerobic workouts (walking, running, cycling, swimming, etc.) in the weeks preceding the trek in order to prepare one’s cardiovascular system. Acclimatization is critical to preventing altitude sickness, so it is important to listen to body signs and have rest days when necessary.

                              Guides and porter service during the Upper Mustang trek

                              Hiring guides and porters, especially during the Upper Mustang trek, makes the overall experience safer, more supported, and more informative about the cultural practices of the area. The guide provides expert knowledge about the area, its languages, and methods of finding various locations, while also providing a deeper understanding of the cultural and historical values of the sights and positively influencing communication with local people. Porters can be hired to lift 20 kg for every two clients, meaning that you will not need to carry a lot of luggage during the trek. They are well protected, insured, and fairly paid, hence the ethical handling of human resources. Demand for their services is also beneficial to the local economy and also promotes the perpetuation of the culture in the region. Aside from making the tour less of a physical ordeal and more of a fun experience, this professional helps increase the visitor's chances of real engagement with the locals and the culture of the area.

                              Upper Mustang Trek Transportation Facilities

                              You can access the Upper Mustang Trek by flight or road transport, or you can combine both. The first part of the trip entails taking a flight from Kathmandu to Pokhara, which is one of the most popular launching pads for trekkers in Nepal. After the half-hour scenic flight to Jomsom, which is also the start point of the trek from Pokhara, This is an aerial sightseeing tour over the Himalayan mountain chain—the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri ranges—and a fast and effective means of getting to the beginning of the trek.

                              The trek starts when you reach Jomsom, and the mode of transportation has to change from flight to trekking. Specifically, as far as transportation is concerned, the journey is strictly on foot, save for the porters and guides who have the responsibility of carrying the necessary commodities. If you want to return to Jomsom or Pokhara, you can take a flight from Jomsom to Pokhara. Compared to the previous location, Pokhara to Nepal offers more convenient local transport options, such as taxis and buses to Kathmandu, due to its close proximity and the possibility of a short domestic flight. The transportation facilities effectively transform the Upper Mustang trek from a trekking experience to a transportation one, providing trekkers with comfortable accommodations as they transition from one location to another.

                              Upper Mustang trekking permits

                              1. To trek in the Annapurna Conservation Area, an Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP) permit is required. This permit has a fee of NPR3,000.
                              2. A Restricted Area Permit (RAP) is required for the Upper Mustang region, which is a restricted area under Nepalese government control. This permit costs USD 50 and is valid for up to 10 days. If you wish to extend your stay beyond 10 days, there is an additional charge of USD 50 per day per person.

                              Altitude sickness on the Upper Mustang Trek

                              At its altitude, the Upper Mustang trek poses a risk of altitude sickness, also known as acute mountain sickness (AMS). Although the maximum altitude for this trek is approximately 3,800 meters (12,467 feet) at Lo Manthang, trekkers may feel altitude sickness while climbing up. Symptoms include vomiting, lightheadedness, and general slowness. These symptoms are due to the fact that it is harder to breathe as the air is thicker at higher altitudes, reducing the body’s capacity to adapt. However, to reduce the ever-present possibility of getting altitude sickness, one must always ensure that he or she has taken the serious business of altitude acclimatization very seriously.

                              Symptoms of Altitude Sickness

                              • Headache
                              • Nausea
                              • Dizziness
                              • Fatigue
                              • Shortness of breath
                              • Loss of appetite
                              • Insomnia
                              • Swelling of hands, feet, or face can occur in severe cases.

                              Prevention of Altitude Sickness

                              • Increase altitude slowly to give your body time to adjust.
                              • Schedule rest days at higher altitudes to aid acclimatization.
                              • Drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration.
                              • Minimize alcohol and sedatives.
                              • Consume small, high-carbohydrate meals to maintain energy levels.
                              • Be attentive to any symptoms, and avoid pushing yourself too hard.
                              • Consider taking altitude sickness medication if recommended by a healthcare professional.
                              • If symptoms worsen, descend to a lower altitude immediately and seek medical attention if needed.

                              How do I prepare for the Upper Mustang Trek?

                              Physical training and planning are essential to prevent unpreparedness during the Upper Mustang Trek. Firstly, it is necessary to work on cardiovascular fitness in order to do cardio and strength training, as the trek demands these. To get the feel of trekking, try to do some long distances with a weighted backpack. The high altitude of the trek necessitates proper acclimatization; one can either spend some time at a high altitude prior to the trek or gradually increase the elevation during pre-trek preparations. Furthermore, try to understand the prerequisites for participating in the trek in the Nepal Mustang area, such as how to obtain the required permits and the country's climate.

                              Logistical preparation requires having the right gear, like adequate warm clothing, the right walking shoes, and a adequate-quality sleeping bag. Always make sure you get insurance that will cover everything during your trek, including the evacuation services and the medical bills. Be prepared for aspects such as food, especially energy-dense snack food, water processing, and medication. In the following subtopics, we have details on these preparation aspects, and therefore, by preparing well, you will have the best experience on your Upper Mustang Trek.

                              Is the Upper Mustang Trek solo recommended?

                              The Upper Mustang trek is not for independent trekkers because of the high altitude, relative inaccessibility, and difficult trekking paths. It entails the use of special permits, and the paths followed are less well known; hiring local guides can make a big difference. In addition to providing cultural information, the guides can assist with permits, directions, and emergency situations. Hiring a tour guide is the best way to make the most of the trek, given the challenging terrain.

                              Why is travel insurance required during the Upper Mustang trek?

                              To ensure an incident-free vacation, it is crucial to secure a comprehensive travel insurance policy that covers treks such as the Upper Mustang, including Muktinath, through Hiking Adventure Treks. Without it, clients lose their ability to mitigate the risks associated with medical emergencies and evacuation costs. We highly recommend that you purchase travel insurance that provides comprehensive coverage for your trip. Remember that some insurance companies have no-go areas for certain activities, so make sure you get a policy that covers all your trip activities. Check on specific areas such as helicopter rescue, medical expenses for trekking, and mountaineering in the Himalayas. Also, check if your policy allows for trip cancellation, as deposits on such trips are non-refundable.

                              Packing list for the Upper Mustang Trek

                              Clothing:

                              • Trekking boots: sturdy, waterproof, and well-fitted
                              • Base layers: thermal tops and bottoms
                              • Insulating layers: fleece or down jacket
                              • Outer layers: waterproof and windproof jacket
                              • Trekking pants: quick-dry and durable
                              • Accessories: hat, gloves, scarf, sun hat, and sunglasses

                              Sleeping Gear:

                              • Sleeping bag: Rated for cold temperatures
                              • Sleeping pad: for comfort and insulation

                              Backpacks:

                              • Daypack: For daily essentials
                              • Main trekking bag: for porters to carry

                              Hydration:

                              • Water bottles or hydration systems
                              • Water purification tablets or filter

                              Food and Snacks:

                              • High-energy snacks: nuts, dried fruit, and energy bars

                              Personal Items:

                              • Sunscreen and lip balm with SPF
                              • First aid kit: include altitude sickness medication.
                              • Toiletries: biodegradable soap, toothpaste, etc.

                              Other Essentials:

                              • Headlamp or flashlight: With extra batteries
                              • Trekking poles: for stability on uneven terrain
                              • Camera and extra memory cards
                              • Travel insurance documents and permits
                              • Cash in local currency: for incidental expenses

                              Upper Mustang Trek FAQs

                              • The Upper Mustang trekking area is severely restricted because of its open border with Tibet. Government policies demand a special permit to enter this isolated area. Additionally, border security has been increased to deter illegal activity along the two-country border.
                                Upper Mustang is Nepal’s historic hidden Buddhist monarchy. For decades, the territory was restricted and isolated from the rest of the world. This location is a sanctuary for Tibetan culture and unspoiled Himalayan scenery. Saligram, which are million-year-old fossils, can be found in the area along with a range of mine resources. To prevent these heritages, the government has ruled out tight restrictions in this area.

                              • No, Jigme Palbar Bista, the late king, died in 2016, and his descendant returned to the city. Although the late king lost his royal title in 2008, the locals still respected him as the ruler.

                              • Yes, you are welcome to attend the three-day lively celebration of good triumphing over evil. Tiji, the area’s annual festival, attracts many monks, villagers, and government officials, making Lo-Manthang incredibly vibrant. You can witness huge Buddhist murals, which will serve as a place of devotion and adoration for the locals.
                                 

                              • No, since Upper Mustang is a restricted area, a minimum of two people are required to obtain a permit. The Upper Mustang area is under the control of the Nepalese government and requires a special permit to enter. If you attempt the Upper Mustang Trek without a guide or access, the administration will detect an illegal entry and detain you for further investigation. Trek with a trekking company to avoid this problem.
                                 

                              • Some trekking options, such as Lower Mustang, do not require a permit and are easily accessible from the Annapurna Circuit trek. Nar Chu, a traditionally Tibetan district immediately north of the Annapurna Circuit trek, includes picturesque villages and arid slopes with a permit costing roughly USD90. Mustang Damodar Kunda trekking is another option in the region that takes you to the holiest pilgrimage. Meanwhile, lower Dolpo’s southern section offers a breathtakingly magnificent week-long trekking loop for roughly USD1000 per person.
                                 

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